Site of Second World War floodlight, Woodham Walter (EHER 20295)

Now destroyed. The site of a Second World War floodlight. The floodlight was probably constructed between 1936 and 1940 as part of an experiment to light up the night sky with a grid of large, fixed 'floodlights', as a defence against German bombers. The experiment, termed 'Silhouette', failed as the network of floodlights acted as a navigational aid for the enemy aircraft, and it was subsequently terminated in March 1940. When visited in 1999, nothing of the floodlight remained.

1999. World War Two Defences in Maldon survey: site visit and desktop research. During the late 1930s/early 1940s (probably 1936-1940), an experiment was conducted to light up the night sky with a grid of large, fixed 'floodlights', as a defence against German bombers. Each installation consisted of a steel enclosure, 50 feet across, in which the floodlight was mounted, surrounded by twelve large mirrors angled towards the sky. Information on the experiment is still scarce; an enquiry to the Imperial War Museum has been unsuccessful. Enquiries by Mr F. Plume at the Public Record Office (PRO) in 1992/1993 have resolved some of the questions. <1> <2> One of these emplacements stood in a wooded area to the south-west of Woodham Walter. It can be clearly seen, and its twelve sides counted, on an aerial photograph taken in August 1946, north of a track leading from Church Hill to The Warren Golf Club. It had probably been dismantled by 1960 as an aerial photograph of that date shows no sign of it. The area is now thick woodland and brambles, and no remains were found at the time of the site visit. <3> <4> A map drawn by Mr Plume in 1999, from his earlier investigations, shows 50 sites in Essex, located in an area from Little Leighs in the North to Eastwick in the South. It is not known whether this was the complete grid (although one floodlight is known to have been sited at Dovercourt, EHER 10715) or whether the experiment overlapped to other counties. The experiment was not a success - it is said that the light reflecting from the clouds lit up the countryside as a perfect navigational aid for the bombers, and the work was terminated in March 1940. <5> <6> The project was termed 'Silhouette'. <7> See EHER 20565 for details of the only known remaining example of a Second World War floodlight from this experiment in Essex.